CAUSES
Crowded teeth, crossbite, overbite, underbite, open bite caused by cleft lip/plate, pacifier use, prolonged bottle feeding, thumb sucking, injury, tumor, abnormally shaped teeth, impacted teeth, poor dental care.
PREVENTION
During the developmental stage of a child, parents should limit use of pacifier, thumb sucking, and bottle feeding
TREATMENT
Braces, tooth extraction, reshape/bond/capping teeth, surgery